Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, and disruption of bone microarchitecture. 1 This leads to increased bone fragility and a higher risk of fractures.
Types of Osteoporosis
Primary Osteoporosis: This is the most common type and is further divided into:
- Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Occurs in women after menopause due to decreased estrogen levels.
- Senile Osteoporosis: Affects both men and women in older age due to natural aging processes.
Secondary Osteoporosis: This type is caused by underlying medical conditions or medications. Some common causes include:
- Endocrine disorders: Such as hyperthyroidism, hypogonadism, and Cushing’s syndrome
- Medications: Long-term use of corticosteroids, anticonvulsants, and some cancer treatments
- Gastrointestinal diseases: Such as celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease
- Rheumatoid arthritis
Key Points
- Bone is a dynamic tissue: It is constantly being remodeled, with old bone being broken down and new bone being formed.
- In osteoporosis, this balance is disrupted: Bone breakdown occurs faster than bone formation, leading to weaker bones.
- Fractures are a major complication: Common fracture sites include the hip, spine, and wrist.
- Risk factors: Age, female gender, family history, certain medical conditions, and lifestyle factors (e.g., smoking, excessive alcohol consumption) increase the risk of osteoporosis.
Disclaimer: This information is for general knowledge and educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult with a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment of any medical condition.